黨的十八大之后召開(kāi)的首次全國(guó)兩會(huì)于3月17日勝利閉幕。會(huì)議期間，一些關(guān)乎社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)的詞匯頻繁出現(xiàn)在小組討論和全體大會(huì)上，引發(fā)人們的關(guān)注。這些詞反映了目前社會(huì)上最關(guān)心的熱點(diǎn)、焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，也折射著中國(guó)發(fā)展的新走向。以下是兩會(huì)期間十大高頻詞匯，供各位師生參考學(xué)習(xí)。
中國(guó)夢(mèng) Chinese dream
自十八大以來(lái)，中國(guó)夢(mèng)就成為各界熱議的話(huà)題，也是兩會(huì)期間代表委員們被問(wèn)及最多的一個(gè)話(huà)題。
習(xí)近平主席在全國(guó)人大第十二屆一次會(huì)議閉幕講話(huà)中說(shuō)：“我們必須再接再厲、一往無(wú)前，繼續(xù)把中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)推向前進(jìn)，繼續(xù)為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)而努力奮斗。”
“We must make persistent efforts, press ahead with indomitable will, continue to push forward the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to achieve the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.”
換屆 leadership transition
全國(guó)人大第十二屆一次會(huì)議結(jié)束，選舉產(chǎn)生了新一屆國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，順利完成換屆。
以下為外電有關(guān)換屆的報(bào)道引語(yǔ)：
China’s new leaders promise cleaner government, less red tape and more fairness to enlarge a still small middle class and help private businesses as congress wraps up leadership transition.
代表大會(huì)完成換屆，中國(guó)的新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人許諾要建立更清廉的政府、減少官僚作風(fēng)、增強(qiáng)公平，同時(shí)要擴(kuò)大中產(chǎn)階級(jí)人群并扶持私營(yíng)企業(yè)。
硬骨頭，涉險(xiǎn)灘 gnawing at a hard bone and wading through a dangerous shoal
3月5日下午，習(xí)近平總書(shū)記參加上海代表團(tuán)審議時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，改革要“敢于啃硬骨頭，敢于涉險(xiǎn)灘”。這是總書(shū)記考察廣東之后，第二次講這句話(huà)。
“We must have the courage like gnawing at a hard bone and wading through a dangerous shoal.”
大部制改革 restructure central government offices
此次大部制改革中，國(guó)務(wù)院組成部門(mén)由原來(lái)的27個(gè)減少到25個(gè)，另有幾個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)和部門(mén)也將重組。
下面來(lái)看看此次大部制改革的具體內(nèi)容和英文說(shuō)法：
1. 鐵道部“拆分”，實(shí)行鐵路政企分開(kāi)。
Under the plan, the Ministry of Railways will be split with its regulatory powers going to the Ministry of Transport while its commercial operations will be run by a company.
2. 組建國(guó)家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理總局。
To improve food and drug safety, the government restructuring program upgrades the State Food and Drug Administration to ministry level to give it more power.
3. 組建國(guó)家新聞出版廣播電影電視總局。
Two media regulators, the State Administration of Press and Publication and the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, are being merged to oversee press, publication, radio, film and television.
4. 組建國(guó)家衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)。
The National Health and Family Planning Commission will come into existence through the merger of the Health Ministry with the National Population and Family Planning Commission.
5. 重新組建國(guó)家海洋局。
Other important changes include restructuring the oceanic administration to enhance maritime law enforcement and protect marine resources.
6. 重新組建國(guó)家能源局。
A regulatory body that sets electricity rates will be absorbed into the National Energy Administration.
新會(huì)風(fēng) new working style
新一屆中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體就改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)提出八項(xiàng)要求，包括condense meetings（精簡(jiǎn)會(huì)議）、reduce traffic control during inspection tours（視察時(shí)減少交通管制），以及practice thrift（厲行節(jié)約）等。
全國(guó)人大代表徐新榮：少了鮮花、禮儀、橫幅，不封路，政府工作報(bào)告壓縮到1.6萬(wàn)字以?xún)?nèi)——兩會(huì)新會(huì)風(fēng)是中央轉(zhuǎn)變作風(fēng)“八項(xiàng)規(guī)定”的延伸。
PM 2.5 particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter
PM2.5就是指“可入肺顆粒物”，PM的英文全稱(chēng)為particulate matter（微粒物、懸浮微粒），PM2.5就是指大氣中直徑小于或等于2.5微米的顆粒物。
政府工作報(bào)告中首次提及PM2.5監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)解決污染問(wèn)題“用實(shí)際行動(dòng)讓人民看到希望”，此后修改政府工作報(bào)告時(shí)又在“實(shí)際行動(dòng)”之后加上“成效”二字，表明了治污的決心。
兩個(gè)“同步”
城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)同步，勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬增長(zhǎng)和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高同步。
The government will work to ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and labor remuneration grows in step with increase of productivity.
權(quán)力之籠 Power should be restricted by a cage of regulations
習(xí)近平總書(shū)記在中紀(jì)委第二次全體會(huì)議上講話(huà)時(shí)指出,要加強(qiáng)對(duì)權(quán)力運(yùn)行的制約和監(jiān)督,把權(quán)力關(guān)進(jìn)制度的籠子里,形成不敢腐的懲戒機(jī)制、不能腐的防范機(jī)制、不易腐的保障機(jī)制。
Xi ordered enhanced restraint and supervision on the use of power. He said, "Power should be restricted by a cage of regulations." A disciplinary, prevention and guarantee mechanism should be set up to ensure that people do not dare to, are not able to and can not easily commit corruption, Xi said.
大城市病 metropolitan/urban malaise
我國(guó)已進(jìn)入“大城市病”集中爆發(fā)期，治本之策在于城鎮(zhèn)化。城市群的建設(shè)將是新一輪城鎮(zhèn)化的重要走向。通過(guò)推進(jìn)城市群建設(shè)，發(fā)展一批布局合理、功能完善的中小城市，改變城市體系“頭重腳輕”態(tài)勢(shì)，減緩特大城市人口膨脹壓力。
李克強(qiáng)總理在答中外記者問(wèn)時(shí)說(shuō)：“要注意防止城市病,不能一邊是高樓林立,一邊是棚戶(hù)連片。”
"We need to prevent the urban malaise and avoid the situation in which high-rises co-exist with shantytowns."
安全奶粉 safe infant formula
因香港近日頒布“奶粉限帶令”，兩會(huì)上衛(wèi)生部部長(zhǎng)、國(guó)家工商總局局長(zhǎng)遭遇記者“狂轟濫炸”式追問(wèn)，核心都是食品安全問(wèn)題。
The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has cracked down on cross-border parallel trading in infant milk formula to ensure local stores don't run out of stock. The new regulation, starting from March 1, allows a person leaving the city to carry a maximum of two cans, or 1.8 kilograms, of infant formula.
香港特別行政區(qū)政府已經(jīng)開(kāi)始打擊嬰兒配方奶粉的跨境平行交易，以保證當(dāng)?shù)厣痰甑哪谭酃⿷?yīng)。從3月1日起實(shí)行新規(guī)定，離港人士可攜帶凈重不超過(guò)1.8公斤（約兩罐）的嬰兒配方奶粉。
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