本學期由于筆者所代的2012級學生準備于2013年12月份參加全國大學英語四級考試,所以在本學期的教學計劃中四級輔導是其中重要的一部分。作文是試卷中的第一部分,所以作文部分發(fā)揮的正常與否或好與不好將直接影響學生的心理以及其他部分的作答。在進行整套試卷及聽力專項練習之外,筆者用了四次課對作文部分進行分析和講解,請同學們按照模板隨堂寫出對應的作文,并針對學生作文中出現的問題進行講評。同學們在進行練習之后,紛紛表示原本模糊的概念變得非常清晰,開始知道如何去寫作文。
然而,在進行期末考試復習時,仍然有同學對作文部分表現出了不自信。結合本學期的作文講評,針對同學們作文中容易出現的問題,筆者提出了一些小攻略。
首先,切合主題及文章結構方面。近幾年的四級作文類型,主要是提綱式、圖片式及圖表式。如2008年12月份的作文:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1.一次性塑料袋曾廣為使用;
2.由此帶來的問題;
3.限制使用一次性塑料袋的意義。
這是典型的提綱式作文,題目及提綱都已給出,考生只需按照要求進行擴展和總結就不會偏題。這里需提醒的是,作文一般是三段論:引言段,擴展段,結尾段。而且四級作文評分也是總體印象評分法(Global scoring),就段落而言,只寫一段者,0-4分,只寫兩段者,0-9分。
2013年6月份的作文:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

相比較提綱式作文,學生似乎對圖片式作文有所忌憚,唯恐偏題及結構不合理。其實通過仔細閱讀Directions,結構和主題都一目了然。首先是描述圖片,然后表達觀點:做大事之前先做好小事情的重要性;最后一段當然就是總結了。對于題目,最簡單的辦法也是按照Directions: On the Importance of Doing Small Things Before Undertaking Something Big.
圖表式作文與圖片式作文結構相似,不再贅述。
其次,語言及語法方面。1. be 動詞亂用:This is help me to save…; It is not only encourage…正確表達是:This helps me to save…; It not only encourages…2. 單復數問題:Student are…; The excessive use of plastic bags lead to…; Limiting the use of plastic bags are…; Disposable plastic bags has attracted…正確表達是:Students are…; The excessive use of plastic bags leads to…; Limiting the use of plastic bags is…; Disposable plastic bags have attracted…3.謂語動詞及非謂語動詞混淆:As we all known, …; … to know the importance of protect…; I prefer pay for…正確表達是:As we all know, …; to know the importance of protecting…; I prefer to pay for… 4.There be句型的使用:There are many parents pay the college…正確表達是:Many parents pay the college…; There are many parents who pay the college…5.詞性混淆:our healthy; school, government and social; to solution the problem.正確表達是:our health; school, government and society; to solve the problem. 6.情態(tài)動詞的使用:must to do…; should to study…正確表達是:must do…; should do…(以上筆者所用的例子均來源于學生的作文練習)
對于寫出漂亮的作文而言,同學們要注意的還有很多,如簡單句與復合句的交叉使用,同一意思詞匯的交匯使用(important, significant, essential, crucial)…以上兩個方面的問題是一些同學普遍存在的,在這里希望起到提示及拋磚引玉的作用。
作文中一般都有表達自己觀點的內容,最后筆者提供一些表達方式供同學們參考:
1. My own experience tells me that…
2. In my opinion, we should attach more importance to…
3. As for my own idea about…, I believe…
4. As far as I am concerned, I plan to…
5. Personally, I prefer…
6. In my view, both sides are partly right in that…
7. But for me, I would rather…
8. My own point of view is that…
9. In conclusion, I support the statement that…
10.As for me, I tend to chooose…
11.For my part, I…
12.From my perspective, I…
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